As the rate of heating went up, E of combustion went down. The sample’s T1, T2, R max, Ra, C, and CCI all went up as the heating rate went up. The ignition temperature (T1) and burnout temperature (T2) went down as the FR mixing ratio went up, but the fuel’s highest burning rate ( R max), the average burn rate (Ra), C, and CCI of mixed samples went up as the FR mixing ratio went up. To obtain the maximum the flammability index ( C) and comprehensive combustion characteristic index (CCI), and minimum activation energy (E m), the response surface method (RSM) was employed to find the best mixing ratio and heating rate. The effects of synergy was estimated by using the interaction coefficient, and the kinetics were looked at using the Coats-Redfern method in the co-combustion of furfural residue (FR) and oil shale (OS). The co-combustion characteristics of furfural residue (FR) and oil shale (OS) were investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer under different heating rate (10, 30, 50 ☌/min) and mixing ratio (1:0 3:1 1:1 1:3 0:1).
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